A small sample (16 cultures) is used to examine the influence of cultural variables on the psychological constructs of self-concept and causal attributions. Results suggest that valued goals (collectivism vs. individualism) and group norms (tightness vs. looseness) both influence self-concept and causal attributions.

This article discusses the reasons behind advances in craft specialization particularly why there is a relationship between advances in craft specialization and the emergence of powerful elites. Hypothesis tests focused on political centralization.