Hypotheses
- "Our hypothesis is that men will do more than women in subsistence unless warfare prevents them from doing so" (579)Ember, Melvin - The conditions favoring matrilocal versus patrilocal residence, 1971 - 2 Variables
This study analyzes several variables that influence matrilocal versus patrilocal residence. Results indicate that the traditional assumption that division of labor determines residence was not supported. Rather, results suggest that internal warfare favors partilocal residence and matrilocal residence is favored by purely external warfare if division of labor is matridominant.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "As for how warfare might affect residence, we found that matrilocal societies have purely external warfare (warfare only with other societies) much more often than patrilocal societies" (593)Ember, Melvin - The conditions favoring matrilocal versus patrilocal residence, 1971 - 2 Variables
This study analyzes several variables that influence matrilocal versus patrilocal residence. Results indicate that the traditional assumption that division of labor determines residence was not supported. Rather, results suggest that internal warfare favors partilocal residence and matrilocal residence is favored by purely external warfare if division of labor is matridominant.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - ". . . conditions that enhance the status of males are polygyny, moveable property such as herds or slaves or money, multilocal political integration, and warfare . . . [and] each . . . should predict male localization" (576)Ember, Melvin - The conditions favoring matrilocal versus patrilocal residence, 1971 - 6 Variables
This study analyzes several variables that influence matrilocal versus patrilocal residence. Results indicate that the traditional assumption that division of labor determines residence was not supported. Rather, results suggest that internal warfare favors partilocal residence and matrilocal residence is favored by purely external warfare if division of labor is matridominant.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "When females make a relatively greater contribution to basic subsistence residence will tend to be uxorilocal or matrilocal, but residence will tend to be virilocal or patrilocal when females make a lesser contribution to subsistence" (63)Divale, William Tulio - The causes of matrilocal residence: a cross-ethnohistorical survey, 1974 - 2 Variables
Author proposes and presents evidence in support of the theory that most societies practice virilocal or patrilocal residence (this is the "normal" pattern" and that matrilocal residence is adopted when societies migrate to an already populated area.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - In a subsample excluding societies that are matrilocal and have less than occasional warfare, father's sleeping distance will be a better predictor of homicide and assault (305).Ember, Carol R. - Father absence and male aggression: a re-examination of the comparative evidence, 2002 - 4 Variables
This paper supports Beatrice B. Whiting's (1965) sex-identity conflict hypothesis which suggests a relationship between males' early identification with their mothers and male violence. Authors find that, in addition to socialization aggression, frequency of homicide/assault is significantly related to father-infant sleeping distance, particularly when residence is not matrilocal and/or warfare is more than occasional.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Foragers will have less warfare than societies with other subsistence strategies (6).Ember, Carol R. - Violence in the ethnographic record: results of cross-cultural research on w..., 1997 - 2 Variables
This paper reviews the results of the author's cross-cultural studies of war and aggression and their implications for prehistory.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Societies with equality of the sexes in inheritance should tend to have two or more fairly frequent patterns of consanguineal residence" (386)Ember, Carol R. - The conditions favoring multilocal residence, 1972 - 2 Variables
This paper presents empirical evidence suggesting that multilocal residence is most common in societies that have experienced depopulation, likely due to the introduction of a new infectious disease. Other potential explanatory variables—such as the presence of migratory bands, little or no agriculture, and equality of the sexes in inheritance—were not significant predictors of multilocal residence when controlling for depopulation.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - ". . . control[ling] on the presence versus absence of migration, the relationship between type of warfare and residence does not disappear" (139)Ember, Carol R. - An evaluation of alternative theories of matrilocal versus patrilocal residence, 1974 - 3 Variables
This paper investigates the relationship between marital residence and warfare. The author evaluates two theories proposing opposite causalities: one, that internal warfarecauses patrilocality; the other, that residence comes first and influences type of warfare. The author presents a new model emphasizing the role of population size in determining type of warfare, which in turn affects marital residence. However, the role of migration in determining marital residence is also considered.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "The range within which a group can manipulate the orientations of the individual members to behavior situations increases monotonically with increase in the autonomy of the group" (325)March, James G. - Group autonomy and internal group control, 1955 - 2 Variables
This study explores how differences in group autonomy are related to differences in internal group control. Results support the hypothesis and suggest that group autonomy is positively related to the manipulatory potential of the group and the control that the group has over its members.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - ". . . the relationship between migration and residence controlling on the presence versus absence of purely external warfare . . . becomes nonsignificant in both control conditions" (138)Ember, Carol R. - An evaluation of alternative theories of matrilocal versus patrilocal residence, 1974 - 3 Variables
This paper investigates the relationship between marital residence and warfare. The author evaluates two theories proposing opposite causalities: one, that internal warfarecauses patrilocality; the other, that residence comes first and influences type of warfare. The author presents a new model emphasizing the role of population size in determining type of warfare, which in turn affects marital residence. However, the role of migration in determining marital residence is also considered.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author