Hypotheses
- "Fear of others [is related to] . . . initial anxiety . . . in aggression systems of behavior" (282, 283)Whiting, John W.M. - Child training and personality: a cross-cultural study, 1953 - 2 Variables
The authors put forward a theoretical model called "personality integration of culture." At the heart of the model is the idea that psychological processes may help explain why certain aspects of culture are related to other aspects. To test this model they focus on theories and therapies regarding illness and they use psychoanalytic ideas on positive and negative fixation to suggest how differences in child-rearing customs may account for different ideas about the causes of illness. The strongest results relate to socialization anxiety in a particular area of socialization (e.g., oral, dependency, and aggression) amd respective causes of illness. Results regarding negative fixation are generally supported, whereas positive fixation is not.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Findings: A factor analysis of permissiveness yielded three unrelated factors. Factor 2 in the permissiveness factor analysis "orality-sexuality", loaded heavily and positively on oral and dependence explanations for illness and oral socialization anxiety. This factor loaded heavily and negatively on initial oral indulgence and sexual socialization anxiety (152)Prothro, E. Terry - Patterns of permissiveness among preliterate peoples, 1960 - 6 Variables
This study uses empirical analysis to parse out different dimensions of permissiveness in child-rearing. Oral-sexuality, independence-anality, and aggression are the dimensions identified.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Findings: A factor analysis of permissiveness yielded three unrelated factors. Factor 3 in the permissiveness factor analysis, "independence-anality" factor, loaded heavily and positively on anal socialization anxiety and age at independence socialization. This factor loads heavily and negatively on initial anal indulgence (152)Prothro, E. Terry - Patterns of permissiveness among preliterate peoples, 1960 - 4 Variables
This study uses empirical analysis to parse out different dimensions of permissiveness in child-rearing. Oral-sexuality, independence-anality, and aggression are the dimensions identified.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "[There is a] relation between aggression socialization anxiety and aggressive explanations of illness" (161)Whiting, John W.M. - Child training and personality: a cross-cultural study, 1953 - 2 Variables
The authors put forward a theoretical model called "personality integration of culture." At the heart of the model is the idea that psychological processes may help explain why certain aspects of culture are related to other aspects. To test this model they focus on theories and therapies regarding illness and they use psychoanalytic ideas on positive and negative fixation to suggest how differences in child-rearing customs may account for different ideas about the causes of illness. The strongest results relate to socialization anxiety in a particular area of socialization (e.g., oral, dependency, and aggression) amd respective causes of illness. Results regarding negative fixation are generally supported, whereas positive fixation is not.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Findings: A factor analysis of key dimensions to describe a given culture yielded 12 factors. Factor 4, "paternal authority", loaded highly and positively on household authority with father; high early aggression satisfaction potential; and patrilocal marital residence. Factor 4 loaded highly and negatively on desert grasses; matrilocal marital residence; Athabaskan linguistic affiliation; high anal socialization anxiety; modesty training six years or higher; and matrilineal kin group (58)Stewart, Robert A. C. - Cultural dimensions: a factor analysis of textor's a cross-cultural summary, 1972 - 10 Variables
This article uses factor analysis to identify the key variables underlying the many cross-cultural associations reported by Textor (1967). Twelve factors are identified.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - ". . . in societies in warm climates there is more indulgence of, and less anxiety induced in the socialization of aggression" (336)Robbins, Michael C. - Climate and behavior: a biocultural study, 1972 - 3 Variables
This study proposes ways in which the environment may affect behavioral and psychocultural processes. Results provide moderate support for a relationship between climate and emotional expressiveness.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Significant correlations occur between ego strength and the variables of . . . dependence anxiety, aggression anxiety, and childhood indulgence" (60)Allen, Martin G. - Childhood experience and adult personality--a cross-cultural study using the..., 1967 - 4 Variables
This article examines the relationship between childhood experience and adult personality. This aspect of the adult personality is defined as ego strength. The emphasis of this study is mental health, maturity and the effectiveness of adult learning. Psychoanalytic theory predicts curvilinear relationships but most relationships are linear.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Societies where parents, relatively speaking, neglect their children during infancy and punish them severely for aggression during childhood, should be the socieites that fear the ghosts of the dead at funerals" (157)Whiting, John W.M. - Sorcery, sin and the superego: a cross-cultural study of some mechanisms of..., 1967 - 3 Variables
This chapter examines how sorcery, sin, and the superego function in societies to uphold taboos and other forms of social control. The author also explores the child-rearing conditions that are necessary to produce and maintain these cultural mechanisms. Several hypotheses are tested and all are supported.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Socialization for aggression in boys will be positively associated with warfare frequency (14).Ember, Melvin - Fear of disasters as an engine of history: resource crises, warfare, and int..., 1988 - 2 Variables
This study examines some of the environmental and psychological predictors of warfare frequency and interpersonal aggression. Results suggest that socialization for aggression in boys is the most significant predictor of warfare. However, authors suggest that socialization for aggression may be a consequence, rather than a cause, of war.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - High task differentiation will be positively associated with socialization for aggression in males (43).Broude, Gwen J. - The division of labor by sex and other gender-related variables: an explorat..., 1990 - 2 Variables
Drawing on various theories regarding the sexual division of labor, Broude examines the relationship between task differentiation by sex and gender-related behaviors/customs.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author