Hypotheses
- The models of change of age- and sex- distinctions of Austronesian sibling terminologies will have independent evolutionary trajectories.Jordan, Fiona M. - A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of Austronesian sibling terminologies, 2011 - 2 Variables
Using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic comparative methods, this study aims to answer how cultural meanings and linguistic forms develop in kinship terminology focusing on sibling terminology. It tests sequential models of change of sibling terminologies among the Austronesian language family to reconstruct: the historical state and evolutionary change of relative age and relative sex; whether these distinctions have independent or dependent evolutionary trajectories; and whether opposite-sex distinctions might have developed when no such distinction previously existed. The results suggest that the trajectories are independent and that there was an initial absence of relative sex distinction. Other findings are that the transitions from absence to complex elaborated terminologies and the disruption of elaborate distinctions are very unusual.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Opposite-sex distinction in Austronesian sibling terminologies will develop when no such distinction previously existed.Jordan, Fiona M. - A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of Austronesian sibling terminologies, 2011 - 1 Variables
Using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic comparative methods, this study aims to answer how cultural meanings and linguistic forms develop in kinship terminology focusing on sibling terminology. It tests sequential models of change of sibling terminologies among the Austronesian language family to reconstruct: the historical state and evolutionary change of relative age and relative sex; whether these distinctions have independent or dependent evolutionary trajectories; and whether opposite-sex distinctions might have developed when no such distinction previously existed. The results suggest that the trajectories are independent and that there was an initial absence of relative sex distinction. Other findings are that the transitions from absence to complex elaborated terminologies and the disruption of elaborate distinctions are very unusual.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Change in kinship terminologies will be universally predicted by residence patterns.Passmore, Sam - No universals in the cultural evolution of kinship terminology, 2020 - 2 Variables
Using phylogenetic comparative methods, the study explores the evolution of kinship terminologies within 176 societies in Austronesian, Bantu, and Uto-Aztecan language families. The authors consider 18 theories in the anthropological record that suggests that change in kinship terminologies is predicted by some social structures: marriage, residence, and descent. Only 19 of the 29 statistical hypotheses are supported, while none of the theories are supported in all three language families. This statistical irregularity means that the results are lineage-specific, instead of showing a universal driver of change in kinship terminology types.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Change in kinship terminologies will be universally predicted by common ancestry.Passmore, Sam - No universals in the cultural evolution of kinship terminology, 2020 - 2 Variables
Using phylogenetic comparative methods, the study explores the evolution of kinship terminologies within 176 societies in Austronesian, Bantu, and Uto-Aztecan language families. The authors consider 18 theories in the anthropological record that suggests that change in kinship terminologies is predicted by some social structures: marriage, residence, and descent. Only 19 of the 29 statistical hypotheses are supported, while none of the theories are supported in all three language families. This statistical irregularity means that the results are lineage-specific, instead of showing a universal driver of change in kinship terminology types.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Change in kinship terminologies will be universally predicted by mode of marriage.Passmore, Sam - No universals in the cultural evolution of kinship terminology, 2020 - 2 Variables
Using phylogenetic comparative methods, the study explores the evolution of kinship terminologies within 176 societies in Austronesian, Bantu, and Uto-Aztecan language families. The authors consider 18 theories in the anthropological record that suggests that change in kinship terminologies is predicted by some social structures: marriage, residence, and descent. Only 19 of the 29 statistical hypotheses are supported, while none of the theories are supported in all three language families. This statistical irregularity means that the results are lineage-specific, instead of showing a universal driver of change in kinship terminology types.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - There were four different terms for grandparents in proto-Pama-Nyungan languages.Sheard, Catherine - Pama–Nyungan grandparent systems change with grandchildren, but not cross-co..., 2020 - 5 Variables
After noticing that there are no cross-cultural phylogenetic studies of grandparent terminologies, the authors use the record from 134 Pama-Nyungan languages to explore the evolution of this kinship category and to evaluate the effects of social structures in this evolution. The authors suggest that there used to be four different terms for grandparents in the proto-Pama-Nyungan language family, which was supported by the data. The results show no evidence of co-evolution between these grandparent systems with neither community marriage organization nor post-marital residence. There is not a significant correlation between grandparent and cross-cousin terms; however, there is some evidence that grand-child terms are correlated to grandparent systems.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - There will be a co-evolution between Pama-Nyungan grandparent systems and grandchild systems.Sheard, Catherine - Pama–Nyungan grandparent systems change with grandchildren, but not cross-co..., 2020 - 2 Variables
After noticing that there are no cross-cultural phylogenetic studies of grandparent terminologies, the authors use the record from 134 Pama-Nyungan languages to explore the evolution of this kinship category and to evaluate the effects of social structures in this evolution. The authors suggest that there used to be four different terms for grandparents in the proto-Pama-Nyungan language family, which was supported by the data. The results show no evidence of co-evolution between these grandparent systems with neither community marriage organization nor post-marital residence. There is not a significant correlation between grandparent and cross-cousin terms; however, there is some evidence that grand-child terms are correlated to grandparent systems.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - There will be a co-evolution between Pama-Nyungan grandparent systems and community marriage organization.Sheard, Catherine - Pama–Nyungan grandparent systems change with grandchildren, but not cross-co..., 2020 - 2 Variables
After noticing that there are no cross-cultural phylogenetic studies of grandparent terminologies, the authors use the record from 134 Pama-Nyungan languages to explore the evolution of this kinship category and to evaluate the effects of social structures in this evolution. The authors suggest that there used to be four different terms for grandparents in the proto-Pama-Nyungan language family, which was supported by the data. The results show no evidence of co-evolution between these grandparent systems with neither community marriage organization nor post-marital residence. There is not a significant correlation between grandparent and cross-cousin terms; however, there is some evidence that grand-child terms are correlated to grandparent systems.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - There will be a co-evolution between Pama-Nyungan grandparent systems and post-marital residence.Sheard, Catherine - Pama–Nyungan grandparent systems change with grandchildren, but not cross-co..., 2020 - 2 Variables
After noticing that there are no cross-cultural phylogenetic studies of grandparent terminologies, the authors use the record from 134 Pama-Nyungan languages to explore the evolution of this kinship category and to evaluate the effects of social structures in this evolution. The authors suggest that there used to be four different terms for grandparents in the proto-Pama-Nyungan language family, which was supported by the data. The results show no evidence of co-evolution between these grandparent systems with neither community marriage organization nor post-marital residence. There is not a significant correlation between grandparent and cross-cousin terms; however, there is some evidence that grand-child terms are correlated to grandparent systems.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - There will be a co-evolution between Pama-Nyungan grandparent systems and cross-cousin systems.Sheard, Catherine - Pama–Nyungan grandparent systems change with grandchildren, but not cross-co..., 2020 - 4 Variables
After noticing that there are no cross-cultural phylogenetic studies of grandparent terminologies, the authors use the record from 134 Pama-Nyungan languages to explore the evolution of this kinship category and to evaluate the effects of social structures in this evolution. The authors suggest that there used to be four different terms for grandparents in the proto-Pama-Nyungan language family, which was supported by the data. The results show no evidence of co-evolution between these grandparent systems with neither community marriage organization nor post-marital residence. There is not a significant correlation between grandparent and cross-cousin terms; however, there is some evidence that grand-child terms are correlated to grandparent systems.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author