Found 4360 Hypotheses across 436 Pages (0.007 seconds)
  1. Over the general course of evolution during the past several thousand years [peaceful] borrowing has been at least as important a selection factor as has been [warlike] migration. Triads consisting of 1) base society 2) nearby society from different language family (borrowers) and 3) distant society from same language family as base society (migrators) were compared for eleven culture traits (209, 204)Naroll, Raoul - Borrowing versus migration as selection factors in cultural evolution, 1976 - 13 Variables

    This paper investigates two mechanisms of cultural evolution: peaceful diffusion and warlike migration. Two societies, one for each mechanism, were compared to a base society on 11 culture traits. Eight of the 11 traits diffused more readily through peaceful borrowing than through warlike migration. The authors conclude that eliminating warlike migration would slow cultural evolution but that peaceful borrowing is a favored mechanism for culture contact and change.

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  2. "Each civilization has an optimum degree of challenge under the stimulation of which it is most creative; as challenge ranges upward and downward from this optimum, creativity decreases" (187)Naroll, Raoul - Creativity: a cross-historical pilot survey, 1971 - 2 Variables

    This study investigates the causes of creative florescences in certain time periods in certain societies. Wealth, geographical expansion, democratic support, and external challenge were not significant predictors of creative florescence, but political fragmentation shows a correlation with society’s creativity level.

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  3. "It was predicted, in accordance with the deterrence hypothesis, that wars would be less frequent during the periods when the 'Conspicuous State' while in a defensive stance, enjoyed the specific military advantages, than during other periods"(329)Naroll, Raoul - Military deterrence in history: a pilot cross-historical survey, 1974 - 2 Variables

    This book takes a cross-cultural, cross-historical approach to the study of military deterrence. Political, economic, and geographic correlates are considered, particularly military and diplomatic strategy. Several hypotheses are tested and some are supported.

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  4. "The higher the degree of military sophistication, the less likely that the political communities of a cultural unit will be attacked" (90)Otterbein, Keith F. - The evolution of war: a cross-cultural study, 1970 - 2 Variables

    This book investigates the evolution of military organizations and their activities. Hypotheses frequently relate military organizations to political variables. Data suggested that more politically centralized societies have more sophisticated military organizations which are more likely to be successful in conflict (though military sophistication does not appear to deter attack).

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  5. "The higher the degree of military sophistication, the more likely that the political communities of a cultural unit will engage in frequent or continual internal war" (85)Otterbein, Keith F. - The evolution of war: a cross-cultural study, 1970 - 2 Variables

    This book investigates the evolution of military organizations and their activities. Hypotheses frequently relate military organizations to political variables. Data suggested that more politically centralized societies have more sophisticated military organizations which are more likely to be successful in conflict (though military sophistication does not appear to deter attack).

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  6. "Our findings suggest that centralized states or those led by experienced rulers tend to do well in the game of power politics [i.e., gain territory], while hereditary monarchies tend to do less well, as do states divided by civil war" (340)Naroll, Raoul - Military deterrence in history: a pilot cross-historical survey, 1974 - 7 Variables

    This book takes a cross-cultural, cross-historical approach to the study of military deterrence. Political, economic, and geographic correlates are considered, particularly military and diplomatic strategy. Several hypotheses are tested and some are supported.

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  7. "The higher the degree of military sophistication, the more likely that the political communities of a cultural unit will engage in frequent or continual offensive external war" (88)Otterbein, Keith F. - The evolution of war: a cross-cultural study, 1970 - 2 Variables

    This book investigates the evolution of military organizations and their activities. Hypotheses frequently relate military organizations to political variables. Data suggested that more politically centralized societies have more sophisticated military organizations which are more likely to be successful in conflict (though military sophistication does not appear to deter attack).

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  8. There are some indications that military preparation promotes territorial gain. Defensive stance correlated negatively with territorial gain, while quality of armed forces correlated positively. However, territorial gain showed no relation to border fortifications, and none to strength, mobility or prestige of armed forces (337)Naroll, Raoul - Military deterrence in history: a pilot cross-historical survey, 1974 - 7 Variables

    This book takes a cross-cultural, cross-historical approach to the study of military deterrence. Political, economic, and geographic correlates are considered, particularly military and diplomatic strategy. Several hypotheses are tested and some are supported.

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  9. "Territorial gain proved unrelated to one-sided benefits [subsidy, women or honors conferred by one state on its rival] or trade. However . . . there may be a relationship between cultural exchange and territorial gain" (339-340)Naroll, Raoul - Military deterrence in history: a pilot cross-historical survey, 1974 - 4 Variables

    This book takes a cross-cultural, cross-historical approach to the study of military deterrence. Political, economic, and geographic correlates are considered, particularly military and diplomatic strategy. Several hypotheses are tested and some are supported.

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  10. "We found trade to be more frequent in more peaceful decades than in less peaceful ones. So too we found the exchanges of culturally influential elites such as visiting teachers, students, missionaries, royal brides, entertainers, or hostages to be more frequent in the peaceful decades"Naroll, Raoul - Military deterrence in history: a pilot cross-historical survey, 1974 - 4 Variables

    This book takes a cross-cultural, cross-historical approach to the study of military deterrence. Political, economic, and geographic correlates are considered, particularly military and diplomatic strategy. Several hypotheses are tested and some are supported.

    Related Hypotheses  Cite