Sexual division of labor in agriculture

American Anthropologist • Vol/Iss. 86(3) • American Anthropological Association • • Published In • Pages: 568-583 •
By Burton, Michael L., White, Douglas R.

Abstract

Authors Michael Burton and Douglas White present and test an ecological model for the process of agricultural intensification that aims to explain variance in (and the reduction in) female contribution to agriculture. The model synthesizes and expands upon findings put forth by previous studies in order to create a more comprehensive design. Results suggest that the strongest predictors of female contribution to agriculture are the number of dry months, the importance of domesticated animals to subsistence, and the use of the plow in farming. Crop type, although a weaker predictor, is also supported.

Samples

Sample Used Coded Data Comment
Standard Cross Cultural Sample (SCCS)Other Researchers

Hypotheses (7)

HypothesisSupported
Population pressure (measured by population density) will be associated with increased male agricultural participation and decreased female agricultural participation (574).Not Supported
Seasonal time pressure--as indicated by number of dry months--will be associated with decreased female participation in agriculture (574).Supported
The presence of the plow will decrease female contribution to agriculture (574).Supported
A high degree of dependence on domesticated animals will decrease female agricultural contributions.Supported
Production of cereal crops will be associated with decreased female contribution to agriculture (574).Not Supported
Dependence on tree crops will be associated with decreased female participation in agriculture (577).Supported
Dependence on root crops will be associated with increased female contribution to agriculture.Partial
Documents and Hypotheses Filed By: matthew.g.roth  Kate Cummings  Megan Farrer  emily.pitek