Sheils, Howard Dean | 1980 | Advanced agriculture will be positively associated with corvee labor, slavery, and/or craft division of labor (253). | Supported | 4 | |
Sheils, Howard Dean | 1980 | Intensive forms of labor organization will be correlated with corvee labor and slavery (254) | Supported | 3 | |
Sheils, Howard Dean | 1980 | Craft specialization division of labor, slavery, and corvee labor will be positively associated with human sacrifice (255) | Supported | 4 | |
Pryor, Frederic L. | 1977 | Wives' higher labor relative to husbands' and political concentration will be associated with the presence of slaves owned as economic capital (p. 34). | Supported | 3 | |
Pryor, Frederic L. | 1977 | Polygyny will be associated with the presence of slaves owned as social capital (p. 33). | Supported | 2 | |
De Leeuwe, J. | 1970 | Societies with less developed subsistence activities (hunting, fishing, or a combination of both) have no significant stratification among freemen and no slavery proportionally more often (4) | Supported | 3 | |
De Leeuwe, J. | 1970 | Stratification and slavery occur more often in societies where cereal grains, animal husbandry and agriculture are important than in societies where they are not (6) | Supported | 3 | |
Bacon, Margaret K. | 1965 | "A high frequency of ceremonial drinking tends to occur in societies with a higher level of political integration and social stratification, a more densely populated settlement pattern and slavery" (40) | Supported | 5 | |
Aberle, David F. | 1961 | ". . . high stratification of freeman is associated with hereditary slavery, and low stratification with the absence of slavery" (694) | Supported | 2 | |
Udy, Stanley H., Jr. | 1962 | Rational organization is negatively associated with hereditary stratification, hereditary political succession, slavery, and centralized government (306) | Supported | 5 | |
Baks, C. | 1966 | "Social stratification amongst the free members of the community is a prerequisite for the occurrence of slavery" (100) | Supported | 2 | |
Baks, C. | 1966 | "A situation of open resources is a factor contributing towards the occurrence of slavery" (107) | Supported | 2 | |
Greenbaum, Lenora | 1973 | Societies with slavery and/or stratification will be more likely to have possession trance (50). | Supported | 3 | |
McArdle, Joan L. | 1981 | In societies without slavery, there is an association between respect for the elderly and their socially valued activities (320). | Supported | 3 | |
Bourguignon, Erika | 1973 | Presence of slavery will vary according to world region (47). | Support claimed | 2 | |
Nieboer, H. J. | 1900 | "Slavery as an industrial system only exists where there is still free land . . . and where subsistence is [not] dependent upon capital. . . . Only among people with open resources can slavery and serfdom exist" (387, 389) | Supported | 3 | |
Prescott, James W. | 1975 | ". . . societies which inflect pain and discomfort upon their infants tend to neglect them . . . [and are] more likely to practice slavery, polygamy, [have aggressive gods, and attribute inferior status to women]" (12) | Supported | 6 | |
Prescott, James W. | 1975 | In societies where premarital sex is strongly punished, community size is larger, slavery is present, societal complexity is high, personl crime is high, class stratification is high, incidence of theft is high, extramarital sex is punished, wives are purchased, castration anxiety is high, bellicosity is extreme, sex disability is high, killing, torturing and mutilating the enemy is high, narcissism is high, exhibitionistic dancing is emphasized, there are small extended families, longer pos... | Supported | 17 | |
Hobhouse, L. T. | 1915 | "The increase [in serfs or slaves] is quite uniform from [economic] grade to grade" (236) | Supported | 2 | |
Rudmin, Floyd Webster | 1996 | Zelman's (1974), Simmons's (1937), Swanson's (1960/1966), and Murdock's (1967) measures of property will cross-correlate (i.e. be replicable). | Supported | 14 | |
Frederic L. Pryor | 2005 | Institutions of property and distribution among foragers will be associated with economic development in varying ways (41). | Partially supported | 11 | |
Frederic L. Pryor | 2005 | Foraging groups with lower levels of economic development (Classic and transitional foragers) can be identified with certain property and distribution characteristics (42). | Partially supported | 11 | |
Frederic L. Pryor | 2005 | Foraging groups with middling levels of economic development (Human-Wealth-Oriented and Intangible-Wealth-Oriented societies) can be identified by certain property and distribution characteristics. | Partially supported | 11 | |
Frederic L. Pryor | 2005 | Foraging societies with high levels of economic development (Politically-Oriented and Physical-Wealth-Oriented societies) can be identified by certain property and distribution characteristics (44). | Partially supported | 11 | |
Frederic L. Pryor | 2005 | Social differentiation will be positively associated with other types of inequality among different types of foraging economies. (52) | Partially supported | 9 | |
Frederic L. Pryor | 2005 | Dependence on agriculture for subsistence will be positively associated with various forms of socioeconomic competition. (75) | Not Supported | 6 | |
Frederic L. Pryor | 2005 | Societies depending on agriculture for primary subsistence can be divided into distinct economic groups based on significant positive associations with varying institutions of property and distribution. (102) | Partially supported | 23 | |
Pryor, Frederic L. | 1977 | The emergence of slavery is an inevitable stage of societal development (222). | Not Supported | 2 | |
Pryor, Frederic L. | 1977 | The presence of slavery is correlated to the occurrence of "open resources" (247). | Not Supported | 2 | |
Hrnčíř, Václav | 2017 | Slavery will be correlated with many social features (see variable list) | Supported | 10 | |
Hrnčíř, Václav | 2017 | Slavery will be associated with lower permeability of communities (a measure of more warfare) among nonpastoralist societies | Supported | 2 | |
Hrnčíř, Václav | 2017 | Slavery will vary by type of subsistence | Supported | 12 | |
Hrnčíř, Václav | 2017 | There will be an association between slavery and a higher resource base | Supported | 2 | |
Hrnčíř, Václav | 2017 | There will be a positive association between slavery and metalworking | Supported | 2 | |
Hrnčíř, Václav | 2017 | There will be a positive association between slavery and mining/quarrying, smelting, or metalworking. | Supported | 4 | |
Hrnčíř, Václav | 2017 | There will be a relationship between slavery and social complexity | Supported | 13 | |
Hrnčíř, Václav | 2017 | Slavery will be related to metalworking, polygyny, warfare, and stratification even when the variables are considered together | Supported | 5 | |
Textor, Robert B. | 1967 | Societies where slavery is present will tend to have marital residence that is avunculocal over matrilocal (212, 110). | Supported | 2 | |
Bourguignon, Erika | 1968 | Trance types will be associated with societal characteristics (47-68). | supported | 14 | |
Surowiec, Alexandra | 2019 | Matriliny / matrilocality is associated with the absence of economic inequality. | Partially supported | 4 | |
Rudmin, Floyd Webster | 1995 | Certain characteristics of societies will be significantly correlated in the same direction in both of Murdock's data sets. | Supported for 51 of 146 variables - see note for directions | 55 | |
Rudmin, Floyd Webster | 1992 | Certain characteristics of societies will be significantly correlated in the same direction with both Simmons' (137) and Murdock's (1967) measures of private property ownership. | Support for 21 of the 87 variables - see note for directions | 25 | |
Whatley, Warren | 2022 | In East Africa, proximity to an international slave port predicts a greater probability that a society will be organized around preservation of intergenerational slave wealth in nuclear-polygynous families, independent of political institutions. | Supported | 4 | |
Whatley, Warren | 2022 | In West Africa, proximity to an international slave port predicts a greater probability that a society will be organized around preservation of slave wealth in nuclear polygynous families under inherited local political aristocracies. | Supported | 6 | |